Engine.



J. L. JOHNSON.

ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 3, 1908.

BSHEETS-SHEET l.

J. L. JOHNSON.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.3, 19

LUUQGQ. 08' Patented 11011.21, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented NOV. 21, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. L. JOHNSON.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.3, 1908.

jy Z/nl @70216076 IllFIGE.

JOHN Il. JOHNSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T0 GEORGE J. REELING, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ENGINE.

tenacia;

To all whom, 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN Il. JOHNSON, citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook: and State of Illinois, have invent/ed a certain new and useful Improvement in Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engin'es and its various objects and advantages will readily appear from the following description of the preferred embodiu ment of the invention, shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a view in elevation, partially in section, of an engine containing the invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional View taken at rigl'it-angles to the direction in which Fig. 2 is taken, a water outlet being illustrated in this ligure which is not illustrated in Fig. l, Fig. 3 illustrating a modification of the structure shown in Fig. 1 in this respect. Fig. a is a sectional view on line 5-5 of rig. a

Like parts are indicated by similar characters of reference throughout the different figures.

My invention is realized in each of the two units illustrated, and I will, therefore, particularly describe the left-hand unit shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3, parts of a similar nature and function appearing in the .righthand unit being given similar characters of reference.

In each unit of the invention that is to be particularly described, I have shown an outer jacket composed of two cylindrical sections c al that are bolted together at a2, the upper cylindrical jacket a having a series of insetting flanges a3 that are in driving lit with a steel engine cylinder b. Similarly, the lower cylindrical jacket section al is provided with insetting flanges at that are in driving fit with a steel engine cylinder b1. lhe lower end of 'the upper cylinder Z) projects into the upper end of the jacket provided for the lower cylinder 5% and is in driving lit with a reduced extension of the flange a4. 'l`he additional insetiing Hang-es a3- are provided with a series of verlicall y extending apertures therethrough,

Specification of Letters Patent. Imgtgnted NOV, 21, 1911 Application led August 3, 1908. l

Serial No. 446,606.

so as to establish communication between the insetting llanges substantially throughout the combined length of the portions of the united aoket-s that inclose the engine cylinders. These vertical openings through the flanges a3, by establishing paths between the spaces intervening Abetween the flanges, enable cooling water or other cooling -Huid to be circulated. A compound piston is ,provided for reciprocat-ion within the cylinders b b1, the upper section c of such compound piston being of smaller diameter than the lower section c1 of such compound piston inasmuch as the sectionsc c1 are arranged in tandem to travel back; and forth within the cylinders 5 b1 that are arranged in tandem.

"Ihe portions of the kcylinders b b1 above the piston sections c c1 constitute combustion or explosion chambers, the gas within which, when ignited, exerts downward pressure upon the piston, fresh gas being admitted to the upper portion of each combustion chamber the inflow of the unused gas and the outflow of the spent gas being controlled by means of valve mechanism that will hereinafter be described. 'Ihe operation of the valves is so timed that gas in one combustion chamber explodes at a time and the spent gas is exhausted from but one chamber at a time, all as will appear.

It will be seen from the drawings that'the section c1 of the compound piston is of annular shape, but the area thereof which is disposed to pressure of ignited gas, should preferably be equal to the area of the section c of the compound piston, so that equal torque is exerted upon the shaft by the exploding gas in each combustion chamber.

In the particular embodiment of my invention illustrated, the cylinders 1 not only form parts of combustion chambers, together with the sections c c1 of the compound piston, but they also constitute guides for directing the sections c 'c1 of the compound piston in the line of travel of the piston, whereby special guides, cross-heads and slides are eliminated.

In accordance with my present invention, I eliminate the swinging pitmen and substitute therefor a bar d which is rigid with respect to the conlliound piston at one end and in driving relation with the crank pin at the other end, this crank pin, in the embodiment of the invention illustrated, being joined to a pair of cranks c1 that are provided upon the crank shaft e2. The interconnection between the crank pin e and the rigid extension Z of the piston, is effected by the construction now to be described, which includes two guide-ways f formed in said extension aZ, and two insetting `plates g led into said guide-ways, said plates being secured upon the top of the box z, provided.

-or the crank pin, by means of straps z' and nuts 1. As the piston rises and falls, the plates g reciprocate in the guide-ways f in a direction transverse to the line of travel of the piston. The structure f g L and i thus constitutes a cross-head that is guided in its travel by structural parts that move with the piston. The structure that has been thus far described is provided with `four valves, the valves cand Z constituting intake valves for the cylinders b and b1, respectively, while the valves fm, and n constitute the exhaust valves for said cylinders, respectively. These Valves k Z m and a are, respectively, provided with stems Zal Z1 m1 andal that are, when idle, spring-pressed to close the valves, as is common practice. In the embodiment of the invention shown, the stems Zal Z1 of the intake valves extend toward each other and are included in the paths of movement respectively of the arms 0 and p, which project from a common actuating rod g that is provided with an upper guide Q1 and a lower guide g2.

The crank shaft c2 carries a pinion 7' which is in mesh with a gear wheel r1, which latter is provided with a shaft r2 that has a series of cams r3, each of which is provided for the purpose of operating the valve-controlling rod associated with a set of valves, and inasmuch as there are four sets of valves it is to be understood that there are four such cams fr upon the shaft r2, as indicated in dot-ted llines at the lower part of Fig. l. Each cam 113 engages a peculiarly shaped cam block r4, illustrated most clearly in Fig. 2, and which constitutes a continuation of the rod g that is guided in the lower guide g2 which is laterally extended for the purpose of receiving the cam block r4. This cam block is provided with two insetting noses 75 that ride upon the associate cam r3 in a manner to effect the opening of the intake valve Z at the beginning of one revolution, and the intake valve 7c at the beginning ot the second revolution of the crank shaft. The shaft r2 has association with a rod g similar to the association of'said shaft with the rod g, the rod g carrying arms 01 and p1 which are coperatively related to the stems m1 nl of the exhaustl valves m and a. The exhaust valve m is, by means of the rod g and the mechanism interrelating it with the shaft r2, caused to open upon the beginning of the second half of the said first revolution, and the exhaust valve n is caused to open upon the beginning of the'second half of the 'second revolution, whereby the spent gas is discharged.

l have shown sparking devices s t for the purpose of igniting the admitted gas, the operation of which is well understood and need not here be described.-

The Same shaft r2 which operates the rods g g of the left-hand unit also operates the rods g g of the right-hand unit, but the cams r3 upon the shaft r2 that operate the rods g g of the right-hand unit do not have the same angular relation with said shaft r2 as do the cams r3 that operate the rods g g of the lefthand unit. All of the cams r3 are so interrelated with the shaft r2 that gas is admitted to the various cylinders that it may be compressed and exploded or ignited in said cylinders in a manner to eii'e'ct two turning efforts upon the crank shaft per revolution, the left-hand unit of the engine exerting turning effort at the beginning of the first revolution, the right-hand unit exerting turning effort at the beginning of the second half of the rst revolution, the leftvhand unit of the engine exerting turning edort at the beginning of the second revolution, and the right-hand unit exerting turning edort at the beginning 'of the second half of the second revolution of the engine. The exhaust valve associated witheach cylinder operates at the beginning of the second half of the second revolution of the crank shaft that occurs after the associate intake valve has started to open.

I have thus shown how two units of my invention may be coperatively related to get advantages equal to and superior 'to those that are secured by a four cylinder engine. Having shownA howmy invention may be adapted to a four cylinder engine, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art how the .device of my invention may be adapted to engines having six or more cylinders.

The engine of my invention includes a lubricating feature illustrated most clearly in Fig. e and at section line 5 5 of Fig. 3. In these views I have illustrated an annular channel u within an insetting flange. a3, an oil pipe u conducting oil fed by ravity to saidvannular channel u. The oil entering the channel u circulates about the cylinder encircled by said channel and enters the interior of said cylinderjzthrough openings w, whereby the oil is distributed about thecylinder so as to thoroughly lubricate the portion of the reciprocating piston engaging said cylinder.

The igniting devices of each unit of the engine are operated in sequence by mechanism that is so well understood as not to require illustration. o

It will be seen that I have provided an internal combustion engine including two units located side by side, each unit having two lZO neet-ieee combustion cylinders arranged, in. tandenn a compound piston Working within said, cylk finders, an intake valve for each cylinder9 an exhaust valve for each cylinder, an igniting device for each cylinder, mechanism for operating the intake valves in sequence and, the exhaust Valves in sequencey a crossdiead journaled upon a crank pin, and guiding means traveling with the piston for guiding the travel of 'the cross-head etransversely to the direction of movement of the pistoin the mechanism controlling the admission of igas to the engine serving' to admit gas to the four cylinders in sequence.

Vtfhile l have herein. shown and particularly described the preferred embodiment ot my invention, l do not Wish to be limited to the precise construction shown, as Inedilica tions inay readily he mede Without departing from the spirit of nay invention Having thus described iny iiiyei'ition7 ll claim as new and desire to secure hy l'ietters Patent the following l. An engine structure including two enm gine cylinders of (littering diameters arranged in tandem, a cast acket lor each engine cylinder, the cast jacket of the larger engine cylinder lia-ying1 an insetting flange at its end adjacent to the cast `iacket of the smaller engine cylinder and surrmnlding` the contiguous end of the smaller engine cylinden ln engine structure including two en gine cylinders of (littering diameters arranged in tandem, a cast acket tor each engine cylinder, the cast jacket of the larger engine cylinder having an insetting '1f-lange at its end adjacent te the cast jacket of the smaller engine cylinder and surrounding the contiguous end of the smaller engine cylinders and additional insettingl flanges provided upon the east jackets and serving to hold the engine cylinders in alneinent,

ln Witness whereof, l hereunto subscribe my name this 22d day of July A.. D5 1908 JUHN L., dUl-lltlltllil.,

llitnesses z Geenen d. Rnnnrne., Jenn l). Cmneouninn 

